Relações argumentativas entre topoi e lei de inferência

Abstract

The present study suggests a connection of Text Linguistics and Argumentative Semantics, since it is related to a common phenomenon to both areas: argumentation. Our primary aim was to argue on the argumentative relation of topos (ANSCOMBRE & DUCROT, 1995) and inference law (ADAM, 1992) within prototypical argumentative sequence, and the manifestation of polyphony and presupposition indexes as well as modifiers to determine these terms’ orientation. Besides, it was purposed to: a) investigate, based on the theoretical presuppositions of Anscombre and Ducrot (1983) and Adam (1992), the sort of relation between topos and inference law in the passage from P. Arg. 1 to P. Arg. 3 within the prototypical sequence, since Adam (1992) presents this position of inference law related to the passage of both of such macropropositions; b) evaluate polyphony orientation and the employment of presupposition and modifiers indexes as facilitators to the selection of concordant and discordant Topic Forms; c) examine whether the type of macroproposition facilitates direct or indirect topos raise; d) take inference law off its macropropositional status within prototypical argumentative sequence, as Adam (1992; 2004) proposed. Due to this research’s purpose, it was operative the hypothesis that there is not an inference law in prototypical argumentative texts, as well as in any text. Nevertheless, there is a semantic relation among argumentative words, which constitute data, which lead to conclusions. Such relation of data and conclusion raises discourse shared, general and gradual common places called topoi. To prove our hypothesis, this study argues on the argumentative relation of topos and inference law within the prototypical argumentative sequence, considering as well polyphony, presupposition and modifier indexes to determine this relation terms’ orientation. In addition, it uses an exemplary of prototypical argumentative sequences to exemplify discussed phenomena.