Análise da viabilidade técnica e financeira da modernização do parque de iluminação pública do município de Fortaleza: eficiência energética com tecnologia LED e IoT.

Abstract

Public lighting plays a crucial role in security, quality of life, and economic development in cities. In Brazil, it accounts for about 3% of electricity consumption, making it one of the largest fixed costs for local governments. With population growth and urbanization, the public lighting system has expanded significantly but still faces challenges such as high energy consumption, expensive maintenance, and inequality in distribution, particularly in peripheral areas. The replacement of conventional lamps with LEDs has proven to be the main solution to this scenario, as it offers advantages such as greater durability, energy savings of up to 50%, better color reproduction, and reduced maintenance needs. Furthermore, the Internet of Things (IoT) allows the implementation of intelligent systems for real-time monitoring, adjustment of light intensity, and fault diagnosis, providing improvements in public safety and environmental sustainability. This study aims to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of the progressive replacement of conventional lamps with LEDs in the municipality of Fortaleza, as well as the implementation of an intelligent energy management system focusing on efficient energy monitoring and management of the public lighting system in the city. The research also evaluates the implementation of an IoT-based energy management system, considering real data obtained from the ENEL-CE utility company and reports from the Fortaleza Department of Conservation and Public Services. Financial indicators such as Payback, IRR (Internal Rate of Return), and NPV (Net Present Value) are used for the analysis.The main hypothesis is that the modernization of public lighting with LEDs and IoT not only brings economic benefits but also contributes to social inclusion, security, digital governance, and urban sustainability. The study seeks to provide subsidies for more effective and sustainable public policies, aligned with the guidelines of renewable energy and smart cities.