Levantamento fitossociológico de plantas daninhas na cultura do coqueiro na empresa Cohibra, Amontada-CE

Abstract

The phytosociological survey of weed species is a fundamental tool for understanding the dynamics of weed communities in agricultural systems, especially in perennial crops such as coconut. This study aimed to conduct a survey of the weed species present in the coconut seed production area of the company COHIBRA, located in the municipality of Amontada, Ceará, Brazil. The evaluated area corresponds to a coconut plantation of the Green Dwarf variety from Jiqui, managed under an irrigated system with intensive management. Sampling was carried out through the random placement of inventory quadrats within the projection of the coconut tree canopy, a region considered the most representative of infestation due to greater water availability. The collected species were identified and classified according to botanical families, growth habits, and reproduction forms. Subsequently, the phytosociological parameters of frequency, density, abundance, importance value index, and relative importance were analyzed. Sixteen weed species were identified, distributed among 12 botanical families, belonging to the monocotyledonous and eudicotyledonous classes, with emphasis on the Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Asteraceae families, which are commonly observed in agricultural areas. Among the identified species, Cyperus spp., Commelina benghalensis L., and Cyperus aggregatus (Willd.) Endl. presented the highest importance value index values, thus being the main contributors to infestation in the area. The results indicate that the adopted management practices, combined with edaphoclimatic conditions and the irrigation system, directly influence the composition and structure of the weed community. Therefore, the phytosociological survey proved to be essential for supporting more efficient integrated weed management strategies, aiming to reduce weed pressure, optimize production costs, and promote the sustainability of the production system.