Desenvolvimento de um sistema supervisório SCADA-LTS para monitoramento e comando de IEDs em usina fotovoltaica com acesso remoto

Abstract

Currently, with the growth of micro and mini distributed generation, it is observed that on-site monitoring of power plants does not occur on a daily basis, and maintenance intervals tend to become increasingly longer. As a result, many of these installations remain unattended for extended periods, which may lead to the delayed detection of operational faults. This condition can cause losses in energy generation and, consequently, financial losses for plant owners. In this context, the need for an efficient method of remote supervision of these installations becomes evident. Within this scenario, supervision and control systems, especially SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems, stand out as one of the most widely used solutions across various industrial sectors. Currently, SCADA systems are increasingly present in areas such as industry, maintenance of critical facilities, hospitals, and, most notably, in the protection of electrical power systems. These systems play a fundamental role in continuous supervision and operational safety, enabling real-time monitoring, event logging, and proper coordination between protection relays and circuit breakers. Thus, this work aims to demonstrate the implementation of a SCADA system based on open-source software, proposing a low-cost, flexible, and scalable solution. Additionally, the use of a Virtual Private Network (VPN) is incorporated, enabling secure remote access to the supervision system, thereby expanding its applicability and feasibility in real operating environments. It is concluded that the objective of this work was fully achieved, as a supervisory system specifically designed for a photovoltaic power plant was developed and validated using low-cost solutions and open-source software. The implementation of a SCADA system dedicated to the protection relay proved to be effective during the tests performed, both in a laboratory environment and with the support of a relay test set, satisfactorily meeting the requirements for monitoring, supervision, and secure remote access. The system allows authorized users to be notified of operational events, remotely access the relay, and view records and events provided by the device itself. Despite the inherent limitations of SCADA-LTS, particularly regarding the graphical interface and the need for knowledge of HTML and JavaScript, the results demonstrate that the tool is suitable for the proposed application.