Avaliação da aplicabilidade de marcadores inflamatórios derivados do hemograma como alternativa para a predição de risco cardiovascular

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in the world and dyslipidemias have been classified as one of the main risk factors for CVD, contributing to the worsening of atherosclerosis. Several methods are used for the laboratory assessment of this risk, but some are expensive and have limitations, such as the Friedewald formula, which is applied only when the patient's triglycerides are below 400 mg/dL. In this context, and knowing that there is an entire inflammatory process involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, the inflammatory markers present in the blood count (Neutrophils/Lymphocytes ratios (NLR), Neutrophils/Leukocytes - Neutrophils (d-NLR) and Platelets/Lymphocytes (PLR)) ) have been described as complementary predictors of cardiovascular risk. however, it is necessary to evaluate the applicability of these parameters in comparison with others already used in the clinic, such as the lipidogram. Objective: To assess the applicability of inflammatory markers derived from blood counts as predictors of cardiovascular risk compared to traditional parameters. Methodology: A retrospective study was carried out analyzing the lipid profile, glycemic profile and blood count data taken from reports of patients treated at a school laboratory in the years 2020 and 2021. Results: Data from 602 reports were obtained, whose patients had an average of age 51.7 ± 18.4 years. 400 people (66.4%) were female and 202 individuals (33.6%) were male. The T test was performed to assess the difference between the sexes and Pearson's correlation to assess the correlation with age. Therefore, blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were not correlated with age and showed no difference between the sexes, different from the data obtained with the lipid profile (significance with p<0.05). The NLR, d-NLR and PLR ratios had weak to moderate correlations with the traditional parameters (lipidogram, blood glucose and HbA1c). Conclusion: In view of these findings, it was possible to evaluate the association of unconventional parameters derived from the blood count with traditional parameters such as cardiovascular risk prediction, which can be used in laboratory routine, however, more studies are necessary and encouraged, confirming the results obtained, with populations of different ethnicities and age groups, as well as making use of other inflammatory markers.