Metodologia para identificação de manifestações patológicas em edificações por meio de levantamentos digitais com apoio de nuvem de pontos

Abstract

Existing buildings are subject to degradation over time, making it essential to correctly diagnose possible anomalies. However, there are cases in which an area to be occupied is too large, requiring a long period in the field. Some locations are difficult for humans to access or are at high risk, making diagnosis dangerous and expensive. With the advent of Industry 4.0, the construction industry has sought ways to keep up with the transformation in search of operational and productivity gains through technological innovation, enabling the semiautomation of traditional procedures. Thus, digital survey techniques, such as the use of terrestrial laser scanners (TLS), have been used to acquire dense point clouds and produce images as information to support inspection. In this context, the main objective of the work was to develop a method for identifying pathological manifestations from digital records obtained by surveying with terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) and to define criteria for providing quantities. For this, the Design Science Research (DSR) strategy was used, being developed through the phases of problem awareness, suggestion, development, evaluation, and conclusion. The awareness phase was responsible for the literature review and theoretical contribution, the suggestion phase was responsible for the selection of TLS equipment, training, and tool testing, and the development phase was responsible for the implementation of the technique in two case studies with real data: a shopping mall and the Ceará Aquarium, both in Fortaleza-CE. The evaluation was the evaluation of the expected results and the behavior of the arguments regarding the fulfillment of the expected solutions, the completion stage of the definition of the structure of the proposed method, defined after the implementations, and the communication of the results with recommendations and future suggestions. As result, it was possible to develop a structured method with essential steps, one of which was the development of a planning protocol in the form of a targeted checklist, considered the most important step. The main advantages noted are the rapid acquisition of data in the field, the analysis and processing of data having been carried out entirely in a virtual environment, and the obtaining of quantities. The information extracted from this study can contribute to the development of a future structure for virtual inspection assisted by technologies.