Desenvolvimento de um dentifrício fluoretado contendo óleo essencial de Lippia sidoides cham

Abstract

The essential oil of Lippia sidoides Cham. (LSO), extracted from the leaves of alecrimpimenta, a plant native to Brazil and recognized by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia, exhibits several therapeutic properties. Among these, its antibacterial (notably against Streptococcus mutans), antifungal (mainly against Candida albicans), and antiinflammatory activities are particularly relevant to oral health. Early childhood caries, still considered the most common chronic disease worldwide, involve synergistic interactions between microorganisms from different biological kingdoms. Previous studies have shown promising results when incorporating LSO into toothpaste formulations. This study aimed to evaluate, through laboratory-based parameters, the antimicrobial efficacy and remineralization potential of experimental toothpastes containing different concentrations of LSO and sodium fluoride (NaF). A total of 36 formulations were tested, combining the following variables: LSO (1%, 1.5%, and 2%), fluoride (0, 500, and 1000 ppm), sweeteners (xylitol and erythritol), and surfactants (sodium lauryl sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine). Antimicrobial activity was assessed using crystal violet staining and the XTT reduction assay. Data was analyzed using a Generalized Linear Model (GLM), allowing the evaluation of both isolated effects and interactions among components. The formulations showed significant antimicrobial activity, especially the combination of 1.5% LSO, 500 ppm fluoride, sodium lauryl sulfate, and erythritol. For remineralization analysis, bovine enamel blocks underwent pH cycling for eight days, and the percentage of surface microhardness loss and mineral loss area were measured. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test (p < 0.05). The best-performing formulations were FLU (fluoride only) and LSO (essential oil only). In conclusion, fluoride-containing toothpaste with LSO showed promising results, particularly in the optimal formulation identified. However, further studies are needed to ensure the development of a safe, effective, and accessible product for the population.