Revisão do diagnóstico de enfermagem processos familiares disfuncionais relacionados a abuso de álcool

Abstract

The study focuses the review of the nursing diagnosis Dysfunctional family processes related to alcohol abuse. Methodological study, developed in three stages: concept analysis, content analysis by experts and analysis of the accuracy of clinical indicators. For the realization concept analysis, was used as reference the concept analysis model proposed by Walker and Avant and steps of the integrative literature review. Proceeded the literature search in three databases: SCOPUS, PubMed and CINAHL, with descriptors alcoholism and dysfunctional family and their synonyms in English and Spanish. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies remained from a total of 113 that supported the concept analysis. From the review of the concept dysfunctional family and its correlation with the nursing diagnosis of Dysfunctional family processes, it was possible to reduce the quantitative defining characteristics from 115 to 91, by deleting the 24 characteristics that were similar to other indicators or meaning is not apply to adult alcoholics. Three characteristics were condensed into one and were incorporated two new defining characteristics: Physical abuse and Sexual abuse. Articles, books and dictionaries were used to build the conceptual and operational definitions of the 91 defining characteristics. The second stage of the study, content analysis by experts consisted at trial of 23 experts for relevance, clarity and accuracy of definitions constructed in the previous step. Two items were judged as inappropriate in relevance criteria and therefore excluded from the study. 17 items had their definitions judged as inadequate on the clarity and/or precision criteria and have been reformulated. Two had their labels modified second suggestions from experts. For this step, was considered the level of agreement of 85 %. From the operational definitions of the 89 defining characteristics judged as relevant by experts, was built the instrument of data collection applied with 110 alcoholics admitted to a unit for extended care treatment of chronic alcoholism. For the delimitation of the sample, sample size calculation was performed and established criteria for inclusion and exclusion. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed for the presence or absence of each clinical indicator. The data were subjected to latent class analysis, which allowed to find a set of twenty-four characteristics that showed good fit for the correct identification of diagnostic Dysfunctional family processes. The defining characteristics Disrupted family roles, Economic problems and Disrupted family rituals showed good sensitivity and specificity. The defining characteristics Sexual abuse, Disturbances in academic performance in children, Manipulation, Lack of cohesiveness and Chronic low self-esteem showed the mean value of specificity. The other showed the mean value of sensitivity: Lying, Distress, Anxiety, Confusion, Embarrassment, Loss, Anger, Contradictory communication, Difficulty with intimate relationships, Immaturity, Complicated grieving, Deterioration in family relationships, Disturbed family dynamics, Marital problems, Insecurity and Loneliness.. A review of the diagnosis Dysfunctional family processes related to alcohol abuse provided a critical analysis of the defining characteristics listed in the NANDA-I, with a view to its refinement. It is hoped that this study can help nurses in healthcare practice to identify the diagnosis more accurately.