Avaliação dos impactos ambientais de usinas fotovoltaicas no Ceará

Abstract

The consumption of electricity is growing and, with it, the search for alternatives for generating renewable sources, in order to minimize environmental impacts in a scenario in which concern with climate change and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is paramount. As a result, photovoltaic plants have gained prominence and tax incentives, making their progress significant. The objective of this work is to analyze the context in which photovoltaic plants are inserted in Ceará, to identify and compare the impacts generated by these projects from the analysis of environmental impact studies. The methodology adopted is summarized in the selection of eight studies available in the SEMACE collection, giving preference to those that were prepared by different consulting companies, for projects to be established in different municipalities, comparing the impacts mentioned by each of them. As a result, most environmental impacts are adverse and mainly affect the socioeconomic environment, being derived from the implementation phase of the project, a fact already expected for civil construction activities, which leads to the conclusion that every activity generates an impact on the environment and, in the case of photovoltaic plants, the essential thing is to realize that these impacts are mitigated in their operation phase, in which there is no emission of carbon dioxide (CO2). However, there is still much to be analyzed and studied, leaving the challenge of expanding the destination locations for photovoltaic panels, considering recycling at the end of their useful life.