Resíduos gordurosos de indústria de refino de óleos vegetais: potencial para produção de biogás e contribuição para descarbonização

Abstract

Decarbonizing the industry is a challenge to reduce environmental impacts and promote a transition to more sustainable processes. In this context, the valorization of industrial waste through biotechnological routes, such as anaerobic digestion (AD), plays a significant role in mitigating greenhouse gas (GEE) emissions and improving waste management. The present study aimed to characterize three types of greasy waste generated in the vegetable oil refining process: soil exclusion, greasy waste disposal from Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) and decanter disposal, evaluating their potential as substrates for AD and biogas generation. The physicochemical characterization of the waste revealed a significant fraction of volatile solids (VS), with a SV/ST ratio ranging from 2% to 93%, in addition to the presence of oils and greases (O&G) in concentrations ranging from 143 mg/L to 454 mg/L. These data indicate differences in the biodegradability characteristics of the waste, with the greasy waste from the WWTP presenting the greatest potential for conversion into biogas. The analysis of heavy metals revealed concentrations within the limits considered safe for biological processes, which favors the use of the waste in AD. The classification of the waste as Class II A – Non-inert reiterates that it is suitable for biological valorization processes. The results indicate that the greasy waste developed has characteristics designed for anaerobic digestion, offering a sustainable alternative for the disposal of this waste, for the reduction of the organic load discharged into the environment and for the generation of biogas. This approach not only contributes to the decarbonization of the vegetable oil refining industry, but also aligns with the principles of the circular economy, favoring the efficient use of waste and minimizing environmental impacts. Thus, this study reinforces the importance of exploring waste valorization technologies as part of industrial strategies aimed at sustainability and climate change mitigation.