O conceito de liberdade e educação para uma formação integral do homem em Hegel

Abstract

This study, titled "The Concept of Freedom and Education for the Integral Formation of Man in Hegel," explores the implications of these concepts for the moral and ethical development of the individual, as well as their application in the contemporary educational context. The central problem investigated seeks to verify how Hegelian philosophy on freedom and education can contribute to rethinking current pedagogical practices, especially concerning autonomy, morality, ethics, and citizenship. Thus, the general objective of the research is to demonstrate the relationship between the concepts of Freedom (Freiheit) and Education (Erziehung) for the integral formation of the human being in Hegel's thought. It is understood that freedom, for Hegel, is not merely an absence of restrictions but a continuous process of self-overcoming, through which the individual achieves their full freedom by integrating into social and political institutions. Furthermore, this study aims to analyse how education constitutes an essential means for this process of self-overcoming and the development of the free spirit. The primary theoretical approach underpinning this research is Hegelian dialectics, which describes the process of the spirit's and freedom's development as a dynamic of affirmation, negation, and the negation of the negation, in the sublation of contradictions. For Hegel, this dialectical nature is presented through his theory of the State as the locus for the realization of human freedom. Hegel's philosophy on education is central, as he considers it the means by which the spirit realizes itself and achieves its true freedom, in consonance with society's norms and values. The methodology employed is dialectics itself, with an emphasis on some of Hegel's main works, such as: The Phenomenology of Spirit, Elements of the Philosophy of Right, and Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences, as well as contemporary interpretations by scholars of Hegelian philosophy. The research follows a qualitative approach with content analysis, seeking to identify and understand the implications of the concepts of freedom and education in the current context. The main findings of the research revealed that Hegelian education isn't just a process of knowledge acquisition, but rather a fundamental grounding that can contribute to moral and ethical development, preparing the individual to actively participate in social and political life. Finally, the research also concluded that freedom, according to Hegel, isn't an immediate condition but a dialectical process of self-overcoming that occurs within the context of social institutions, like the State, and through the individual's integration into the collective. In conclusion, Hegel's philosophy offers a profound and relevant view on education as a means to realize true freedom, and his ideas continue to provide a solid foundation for reflecting on the challenges and possibilities of education in the contemporary world. The research further highlights the importance of an education that seeks not only intellectual development but also moral, ethical, and political formation, allowing the individual to achieve their full freedom in society.