Importância das estratégias do plano estadual para adaptação à mudança do clima e baixa emissão de carbono na agricultura (Plano ABC+CE) para mitigação das mudanças climáticas no Ceará

Abstract

The ABC+CE Plan is a state-level strategy in Ceará aimed at promoting low-carbon agriculture by encouraging the use of sustainable agricultural practices such as the Restoration of Degraded Pastures and Areas (RPAD), Crop-Livestock-Forest Integration (ILPF), and Agroforestry Systems (SAF), with the goal of reducing GHG emissions, increasing climate resilience, and strengthening sustainability in the agricultural sector. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze the importance of the ABC+CE Plan strategies for climate change mitigation in the state of Ceará. To achieve this, a scientometric analysis was conducted on the ABC+ technologies implemented in the state, along with a meta-analysis to quantify soil carbon stocks and their distribution across different soil layers for each ABC+ technology used. In the scientometric analysis, articles found on the Web of Science platform were analyzed regarding the number of publications per year, research areas, leading journals, main institutions, and their relationship with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In the meta-analysis, the selected publications were categorized within the ABC+ technologies, and based on data extracted from the publications, carbon stocks were determined per technology in the soil layers (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, and 40-60). The scientometric results showed that, despite an initial increase in scientific production, with a peak of 12.5% of publications in 2017, the annual average of publications remained low, with only 1 to 2 articles per year. Most articles (25%) were published in the Brazilian Journal of Soil Science (RBCS), reflecting the importance of agriculture as a research area, responsible for 83% of the publications. All selected articles addressed SDG 2 - Zero Hunger and Sustainable Agriculture, and most also dealt with SDG 15 - Life on Land (91.7%). The Federal University of Ceará (UFC) was the most active institution, with 23 publications, followed by EMBRAPA and the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV). The meta-analysis identified 33 relevant publications on the ABC+ technologies in Ceará, highlighting ILPF and Irrigated Systems (SI) as the most representative technologies in the select publications (each present in 33% of the publications). The Restoration of Degraded Pastures and Areas (RPAD) also stood out, although with lower representation (9.1%). In terms of soil carbon stock, SI and RPAD had the highest observed values (161.54 and 140.5 Mg C/ha, respectively), surpassing native vegetation (VN) (111.00 Mg C/ha) and conventional cultivation (CC) (105.41 Mg C/ha). Other technologies, such as ILPF (126.27 Mg C/ha) and Planted Forests (FP) (111.06 Mg C/ha), also showed significant stocks compared to VN an CC areas. The surface soil layers presented the highest carbon stocks, especially with the use of FP and RPAD. Considering total soil carbon stock, SI, RPAD, and ILPF showed the best performance, demonstrating how the use of intensive systems is a sustainable and intelligent solution for state agricultural production.