Modernização da pecuária: Uma análise nas regiões imediatas do nordeste e sul do Brasil

Abstract

This study aims to verify the determinants of the modernization pattern of livestock farming in the immediate northeastern and southern regions of Brazil. Specifically, it is intended to measure the Livestock Modernization Index (IMP) and compare it between the Northeast and South regions. To meet these objectives, the multivariate technique of exploratory factor analysis decomposed into main components was used. The data used came from the 2017 Agricultural Census, from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The main results showed that the determining factors of modernization refer to the technological level of livestock farming, animal health and capitalization. The Agricultural Modernization Index (IMP) revealed that the Brazilian South has 58.06% of the immediate regions classified as having a high level of livestock modernization, contrasting with the Northeast, which has 15.55% of the immediate regions in this classification. In this aspect, despite the Northeast having a majority portion of the territory with medium and low IMP, it is worth highlighting the presence of immediate northeastern regions with IMP higher than that found in the Brazilian South, such as Caicó, Sumé and Catolé do Rocha, revealing the significant intra-regional disparity of livestock modernization.