Impacto dos veículos elétricos nas infraestruturas elétricas e urbanas, otimização no carregamento e gerenciamento de tráfego: estudo de aso na cidade de Fortaleza

Abstract

Climate change has led governments, companies and society to seek processes and technologies that mitigate the impacts of such climate changes, seeking to maintain sustainable development. The electrical matrix and urban mobility are two sectors that can most quickly influence the energy transition. The electrical matrix, through the growing presence of renewable sources, and urban mobility with the participation of electric vehicles will definitely contribute to a society with low carbon in the air. Electric vehicles (EVs) in this millennium will become an efficient solution to such issues, as 25% of greenhouse gas emissions come from vehicles powered by fossil fuels. The population's rapid adoption of this transport (EV) in some European countries, the USA and China surprised government bodies, as the infrastructure of the electrical distribution network and the traffic infrastructure of cities were not prepared for such rapid growth. This has caused bottlenecks at charging stations (electric stations) in relation to the number of electric vehicles in circulation. In some places in the United States this ratio already reaches 100 (EVs) for 1 charging station. It is important to note that, even for a quick EV recharge, a minimum time of 30 minutes is required. This dissertation aims to present the assessment of the impact of electric vehicles on electrical and urban infrastructure, charging optimization and traffic management – a case study in the city of Fortaleza. A brief analysis was made of the impacts that EVs will cause on the architecture and urbanism of cities, as well as on traffic engineering, seeking intelligent integration between the various urban infrastructures. From this, simulations were first carried out involving electric stations with fast recharges and the electrical distribution network, aiming to analyze how the network was affected by the presence of EVs being recharged. In a second step, urban traffic was taken into account, in order to analyze how a new trip generating hub (PGV) could interfere with traffic in the studied region. For the analyses, the Monte Carlo and Voronoi methods were used, assisted by the OpenDSS® and Matlab® software. An area of approximately 5 km2, in the Aldeota neighborhood, in Regional Secretariat 2, in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, was used to validate the proposed methodology.