Comportamento ingestivo e alterações da pressão arterial na prole de ratas com hipertensão renovascular 2-rins-1-clipe

Abstract

Extracellular concentration of sodium, which determines plasma osmolarity, blood volume and, consequently, arterial pressure (AP), is regulated by a complex homeostatic mechanism that involves autonomic, neuroendocrine and behavioral integration. Excess sodium intake is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as arterial hypertension (AH). In addition to the homeostatic changes that occur with increased BP, challenges during gestational period can cause permanent changes in homeostatic regulation in the long term, which favors the development of physiological dysfunctions later in adult life. Therefore, the present study aimed to verify changes in arterial pressure and ingestive behavior of male and female offspring of dams with 2-kidney-1-clip renovascular hypertension (2K1C) established prior to pregnancy. Wistar rats weighing between 150 and 180 g were used to induce 2K1C renovascular hypertension. After 6 weeks of BP monitoring and confirmation of 2K1C hypertension, the females were sent for mating. Male and female offspring were separated into collective boxes after weaning until they reached adulthood. The dams' body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance and then femoral artery cannulation was performed to record AP. Daily measurements of weight, food, water and 0.3 M NaCl intake and urinary volume were recorded in 2K1C and sham offspring. At the end of the experiments, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) of the offspring were recorded. Renal artery partial stenosis, with an intact contralateral kidney, induced an increase in systolic AP and, consequently, MAP and HR in females. There was no significant difference in body mass index, intracellular fluid and total amount of water, however 2K1C rats had a significant increase in extracellular fluid and adipose mass and a reduction in fat-free mass compared to sham rats. Body weight was significantly increased in the offspring (male and female) of 2K1C dams, with no change in food intake. The offspring of 2K1C rats also had higher daily intake of 0.3 M NaCl and urinary volume and lower MAP compared to the offspring of sham rats. Therefore, the present results suggest that maternal renovascular hypertension arterial pressure and ingestive behavior of offspring.