Avaliação da sustentabilidade dos agroecossistemas de famílias atingidas pela Barragem Figueiredo: um estudo no Assentamento Boa Esperança, Ceará

Abstract

The search for the sustainability of agroecosystems is something that is constantly on the rise and its environmental, social and economic dimensions are the guidelines to guide this path. This dissertation aimed to evaluate and discuss the sustainability of agroecosystems of families who suffered from the process of compulsory displacement followed by resettlement, after the construction of the Figueiredo dam, in the Boa Esperança Settlement, municipalities of Iracema and Potiretama, state of Ceará. The analysis is based on the assumption that in the process of relocating these families, there is a systematic violation of rights and, therefore, compromises the reconstruction of their lives in a dignified way. In this sense, realizing that the majority of affected families are family farmers, it is extremely important to understand how the sustainability of their main means of sustenance, which are their agroecosystems, occurs. To carry out the assessment of agroecosystems, sustainability indicators were constructed, which are a way of synthesizing the reality to be studied. The research has a qualitative and quantitative basis, and its methodological basis was an adaptation of the Framework for Assessment of Management Systems Incorporating Sustainability Indicators (MESMIS). With data analysis, it was found that the indicators that contributed most to sustainability were those related to water issues and quality of life. In the municipality of Iracema, the composite sustainability indicator that added the least to a sustainability considered desirable was that relating to training and adaptation, while in Potiretama it was the indicator relating to control and self-sufficiency. When evaluating the results, it was possible to identify the main deficits of agroecosystems, such as the use of pesticides and the low level of production for self-consumption. At the same time, among the main potentials of agroecosystems, the diversity of cultivated plants and the use and conservation of native seeds stood out. Finally, it is understood that there are still many challenges to be overcome so that agroecosystems become agroecological, which is the research sustainability parameter, but there are advances in the construction of sustainable agriculture and many others can be achieved with the help effective technical assistance, easier access to public services and the guarantee of rights that are systematically violated in the resettlement process of people affected by dams.