Caracterização sócio-econômica do desenvolvimento do setor rural do nordeste brasileiro

Abstract

The social-economic study of the North-East Region in a more and more present and relevant topic, considering the growing complexity which is verified in the development process of the region's rural sector, supported on the distortions which there are in that sector and what makes necessary studies that can stress the factors which affect the rural development in the North-East States. In this way, an analysis of the developed action and the results obtained is of great importance once a critical knowledge of what has been occurring constitutes a sign for the improvement of planning and the proper directions to the regional reality. The overall goal of this study was to analyse the pattern of growth of agriculture in the uorth-east, identifying the degree of difference of the development of agriculture among the north-east states as well as characterize the level of social economic development of the rural sector of the states of the region in the period from 1970 through 1980. Data of secondary origin were utilized resulting from the agricultural and livestock censuses of 1970, 1975, and 1980, and of the Demographic Censuses of 1970 and 1980. The nominal values were corrected by the Inner General Index of Prince Availability issued by the Magazine of the Economic Situation with the basis modified by the average values of 1980. The methodology used in the research involved a Numerrical Analysis for an exploiting study of the interrela tions which there are among studied variables; the Index of Redundancy to evaluate the concentration levels of studied variables; an aggregated model to verify the effects of land productivity and of the expansion of the farming frontier; and the Geometric Tax of Growth to find out the growth of production by class of products and the growth tax of the population. The results obtained attest that the North-East Region Agriculture experienced changes in the past decade, essencially regarding mechanization that began to play a relevant role in the agricultural production being the rural credit the main vehicle of articulation around the process of modernization chiefly turned to the production of exportable and energetic products. But this modernization did not contribute to diminish the inequalities which there are in the rural sector of the north-east states, onde it was evidenced, by the obtained results, the. Ihigh concentration of funds of rural credit and of income among the great rural proprietors, and the great concentration of employment in the small agricultural and livestock establisments. The results allow to conclude that the persistent inequalities, in the rural sector, came from the farming and incentives policies of the government turned to the Region, aiming, essentially, the production of products turned to the scale of payments and for the replacement of importations, benefiting, specifically, the great rural producers and the states which benefited the most with these incentives were Alagoas, Sergipe, Pernambuco, and Bahia.