Modelagem hidrológica-hidráulica de cheias no riacho Maratoan, Crateús-CE

Abstract

In the state of Cear· there is a dense network of reservoirs due to the need to store water due to climatic extremes with long periods of drought or flood. In rainy periods, flood events have a significant impact on urban environments, given the fact that flood waves from heavy rains at the headwaters of watercourses cause devastating effects on human settlements located downstream of water dams. Also, such structures serve as a flow control measure in flood periods, contributing to the delay and dampening of runoff peaks, in order to minimize the problem of flooding in areas downstream of the dam structure. The present study has as general objective the hydraulic-hydrological modeling of flood waves in the channel of the Maratoan creek, downstream of the Veremos dam. In this work we sought through computer simulations to verify how the propagation of floods occurs in two different scenarios, the first considers the absence of the bus and the second considers the presence of the bus. For these simulations, the HEC-HMS and HECRAS models were used. The results show through longitudinal profiles and cross sections that there is a loss of efficiency in the hydraulic elements (pontoons) when they are submitted to the scenario without the presence of the dam for Tr's: 50 and 100 years, because the water level exceeds the crest level of such structure. Also, it is notorious that the presence of the dam proved to be effective when compared to its absence, as it is noted that peak flows are attenuated and delayed in the channel of the Maratoan stream. Thus, it is clear that flood simulations are important, since it allows to predict scenarios and act in order to minimize the impacts arising from an extreme event.