Transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação: análise dos domínios da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde em intervenções motoras e do conhecimento de fisioterapeutas

Abstract

Essential motor skills to human beings are typically developed during childhood. Children who have difficulties in executing these skills may present Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Low motor performance, imprecision in movement, and deficits in balance are common and directly involve aspects of functioning and disability in children with DCD. Motor interventions are aimed at improving these skills, and the literature presents a diversity of strategies used in these interventions. The planning of these strategies, combined with the approach to aspects that compose human functioning and disability, enables comprehensive care for these children. Physiotherapists are qualified professionals to apply these interventions; however, the lack of knowledge among these professionals about DCD can still be considered a challenge, as despite the existence of diagnostic criteria, this disorder is not often recognized. Therefore, this dissertation comprises two studies. The first was focused on identifying the approach of the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) in different motor interventions for children with DCD. An integrative review was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, using the descriptor "developmental coordination disorder," including only high-quality randomized controlled trials published between 2017-2022, which were analyzed in establishment of a link between the objectives and characteristics of motor interventions with the domains present in the ICF. The establishment of this link was based on studies that guide this process. Overall, the results showed that all 29 selected motor interventions had a link with the ICF, with the domain of Activities and Participation being the most commonly addressed, followed by Body Functions and Environmental Factors. A large proportion of the interventions were applied by physiotherapists, raising questions about their knowledge of this disorder. The second study focused on identifying the knowledge of undergraduate students and physiotherapy professionals about DCD. This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Participants were invited to complete an online questionnaire adapted from other studies. Overall, the results revealed a lack of knowledge among the participants about DCD. Although students presented a higher level of familiarity compared to professionals, both groups demonstrated limited knowledge about aspects of definition, prevalence, and identification of DCD. Additionally, they reported the need for additional training on the subject.