Identificação e Análise das causas, impactos e ocorrências de perdas do tipo making-do, retrabalho e falta de terminalidade na construção civil

Abstract

Lean construction, inspired by the principles developed by the lean production of the Toyota Production System, has as one of its objectives to encourage avoidance through the elimination of wastes in labor, financial resources, production time and execution of activities that do not add value to the final product (Koskela, 1992). Thus, it becomes relevant the existence of studies that identify and minimize as wastes in civil construction in Brazil, applying the philosophy of lean construction. The present work seeks to propose solutions through the identification and analysis of the causes, impacts and occurrences of 3 specific types of wastes in addition to verifying the veracity of the cause-effect relationship that they have among themselves and proportionate solutions to minimize them. The making-do occurs when not all the pre-requisites for the start of the activity are available, requiring an improvisation to continue the service. The way the professional performs it defined by its categories, chosen by Sommer (2010). Rework, on the other hand, consists of correcting an activity that has been completed, but did not comply with the standards defined by the company. The unfinished work, in turn, happens when an activity is considered finished, but they are left behind for not completing the service that will require other professionals to finish. A Case Study was carried out in a residential building work in Fortaleza, where they were found, direct in the field and analysis of documents. The results of this work identified that the causes, that is, the pre-less fulfilled requirements in the making-do and the unfinished work, were manpower and the interdependence between activities. In rework, the most frequent causes were inadequate manpower and management failures. The adjustment of components and sequencing were in accordance with the categories of making-do most identified. The impacts most present in the study were reduced service quality, decreased productivity and material loss. It was observed that in 40% of cases there was the emergence of the informal package. It was found that there was a cause-effect relationship between at least one of these wastes in 35% of the occurrences, showing that they are still studies that reinforce that they are recurrent. Finally, it was proposed, for the minimization of phenomena, the adoption of pre-requisite sheets to be filled out prior to the beginning of the activity and integration tools between the planning and quality systems.