Avaliação do Programa de Atenção ao Migrante, refugiado e enfrentamento ao tráfico de pessoas: um estudo sobre os refugiados no estado do Ceará na perspectiva de afirmação de direitos humanos

Abstract

The present study aims to evaluate the State Program of Attention to Migrants, Refugees and Confrontation of Trafficking in Persons from the perspective of refugees, identifying to what extent the Program instituted by the State of Ceará guarantees basic human rights (access to health, housing, leisure, maintenance of life, among others) allowing the reconstruction of the lives of these refugees in the socio-political and economic context of the State, making an analysis beyond the reception. Although Brazil is open to receiving refugees, becoming a signatory of the United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (1961) and preventing different treatment to national and foreigners, guaranteed in the text of the Federal Constitution of 1988, there is no norm that presents a design of structuring of public policies aimed at these individuals. The Migrant Law (Law 13.445/2017) establishes only that policies should be thought by the federative entities and civil society, which signals the idea that there is still a visible gap between the positivization of these rights and their implementation, so refugees remain on the sidelines due to the lack of Public Policies and programs that ensure a reconstruction of life, beyond the reception, which interferes with the guarantee of rights of refugees. In this sense, in 2018, the State of Ceará, through Decree 32.915/18 instituted the Program of Attention to Migrants, Refugees and Confrontation to Human Trafficking, as a state program, ensuring through the Humanized Service Station, judicial and psychosocial care. The program counts on the partnership of the Pastoral Care for Migrants. In this context, this work aims to address the problem of refugees, proposing to perform an evaluation, with a qualitative methodological approach, from the perspective of the affirmation of human rights, through a case study in the city of Fortaleza, observing, from the life stories of refugees, whether the program ensures access to the maintenance of their lives. To this end, interviews were conducted with Venezuelan and Colombian refugees who arrived in Ceará, victims of various situations of human rights violations and who were accompanied by the Program and received by the Pastoral Care for Migrants. It was observed from their life stories whether, beyond the reception, the program made possible the reconstruction of their lives in Ceará. In articulation, an analysis is made between the years 2018 (year of the program's institution) and 2022 (year of the research), in the city of Fortaleza, where the flow of refugees is greater (welcomed at the Casa do Migrante). For this evaluation, an evaluative perspective is adopted according to the axes of Evaluation in Depth (Lejano 2012 and Rodrigues 2008), in which the text, context, and trajectory of the Program of Attention to Migrants, Refugees, and Confrontation of Human Trafficking are analyzed, emphasizing the perspective of the affirmation of human rights for refugees. We identified, through the results of the evaluation, the need to seek improvements in the existing State Program, in order to guarantee the possibility of reconstruction of refugee lives in the State of Ceará. It was evident that, in the program's current conjuncture, there is no guarantee of the affirmation of human rights, even if basic, nor the possibility of life reconstruction, stopping exclusively at the offer of psychological and juridical assistance, with direct action by the State in assisting in the withdrawal of documentation. The conclusions on the evaluation, under a perspective of human rights guarantee, point to the importance of the PAMRETP to go beyond the positivized norm, visualizing that it is opportune, in fact, to guarantee the reconstruction of a dignified life for refugees.