Geoprocessamento aplicado à espacialização de indicadores do serviço de abastecimento de água nas macrorregiões do estado do Ceará

Abstract

Increasing basic sanitation services is one of Brazil's most challenging goals. Ceará, considered the driest state in the Northeast, tends to face more intensely the difficulties in guaranteeing access to basic sanitation. Studying and analyzing operational water indicators is a way of understanding the reality of one of the pillars of sanitation: the water supply service. The present work aimed to evaluate the water supply of the macro-regions of the state of Ceará in the years 2010 and 2020 through the spatialization of data from the National Sanitation Information System (SNIS) using the QGIS software version 3.18. Methodologically, the research is based on the quali-quantitative method and can be classified as applied research. The calculation and treatment of data took place through the use of Excel 365 Education Software, which were later presented spatially through thematic maps. In this way, the results of the indicators were obtained: index of total water supply (IN055), index of water consumption (IN052), average per capita consumption of water (IN022), and index of losses in distribution (IN049). Considering the classification model of the Regulatory Agency of Public Services Delegated of the State of Ceará (ARCE), it appears that the data presented by the macro-regions for the total water service index are not satisfactory, since all 14 macro-regions were classified as “bad” in the years 2010 and 2020. Index of losses in distribution, the general average of the state of Ceará varied from 24.9% in 2010 to 34.8% in 2020, which represents a negative factor. For average per capita water consumption, the state presented “low” values for the entire state in 2010 and 2020, with the exception of the Sertão Central macro-region, which presented a “high” index in 2020. Regarding the index of water consumption, the general average of the state of Ceará expressed values close to the general average of Brazil in the years 2010 and 2020. Therefore, in the studied period, the evaluated indicators presented, in general, little or no evolution when compared to ten years ago. This shows the need to expand the provision of water supply services in the state of Ceará, therefore, it is extremely important to develop strategies that positively change this scenario in an agile and consistent way.