Caracterização do saneamento básico em comunidades indígenas da microrregião de Crateús

Abstract

The limited development of basic sanitation actions in indigenous territories until the beginning of the 21st century is a reflection of the restricted visibility of the peoples who live there. Despite the continuous progress of recent decades, with the implementation of specific public policies for the original population, advances have been timid. In this sense, this research aims to characterize the water supply and management of sewage and solid waste in indigenous communities in the Crateús microregion. To this end, a study was carried out in eleven rural villages in the municipalities of Crateús, Novo Oriente and Quiterianópolis, based on a documentary survey, participant observations and application of questionnaires in one hundred and five indigenous households. As a result, it was possible to identify that there are water supply modalities in all investigated communities, as well as the predominance of SAA and SAI. It was also possible to identify the fragility of sanitary sewage services, resulting from the lack of consolidated planning for the implementation of equipment that collects, treats and disposes of domestic effluents. Still, the results pointed to the receptivity of the indigenous communities to the actions of environmental education, being developed by institutions, with a focus on the management of solid domestic waste, however, the main form of final destination of the RSD is the burning. After verifying the existing problems in the set of basic sanitation services in the villages, four indicators were formulated in a PEIR matrix, which can help the public power in decision-making to minimize the impacts of the conditions of vulnerability on the indigenous populations. Finally, it is expected that the research can contribute to the visibility of native peoples and to the strengthening of public policies aimed at this population.