Um estudo microeconômico sobre as principais commodities agrícolas no Brasil

Abstract

This work aims to carry out a microeconomic study on the agricultural commodities of sugar and coffee. In the context of sugar, aspects were presented on the origin of the product in India and its expansion in the world, until it arrived in Brazil in the 16th century with the Portuguese, discussing the importance of this commodity in the Brazilian economy until the beginning of the 18th century, which is the end of its economic cycle in Brazil. This research also highlights the main types of sugar, mainly crystal sugar, and its production system, and emphasizes Brazil's position in the ranking of the world's largest consumers. Then, it presents the largest sugar producers in the country, with emphasis on the state of São Paulo, and in the foreign market, which show Brazil as the largest producer and supplier. Lastly, this work addresses the main characteristics of the sector and the three main groups in Brazil, namely Copersucar, Tereos Internacional and Biosev. In the context of coffee, the work discussed the origin of the product in Ethiopia and its expansion in the world, until it arrived in Brazil in the 18th century through the Dutch, approaching the economic history of the product in the country until the 21st century. In addition, two types of coffee were analyzed, Arabica coffee and Robusta coffee, highlighting the main differences and the production system. The position of Brazilians in the ranking of consumption of the beverage in relation to other countries is discussed, and the largest producers in the country are presented, using data from Conab, with emphasis on thestates of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and São Paulo, highlighting, still, that in the foreign market, Brazil occupies the first place as the biggest producer and exporter of this merchandise. Finally, the research discusses the main characteristics of the coffee sector and presents aspects of the three largest groups in Brazil, namely the Três Corações, Jacobs Douwe Egberts and Melitta groups.