Evolução das políticas de hemoterapia no Brasil : o sistema público de hemoterapia do Ceará

Abstract

The hemotransfusion is a need which has accompanied the humanity since its origins. Starting from the 15th century, several specialists tried to use the blood trough transfusion, however, only in the 20th century, with the discovery of blood groups and description of the crossed proof, transfusion was recognized as a scientific method. Blood Tranfusion Institutes were created in 1920, but in Brazil, only in the decade of 1940 apperead the first hemotherapics organizations. In this period, the Brazilian Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy was founded (in 1949) and the first law motivating the voluntary donation of blood in Brazil was written (which dates from 1950). In 1964, with the appereance of the military movement and the verification that in an eventual catastrophe there would not be enough blood to assist the national demand, was recommended a definition in the National Politics of Blood. In 1965 was edited by the Federal Government the law number 4.071 which has established rules to hemotherapic activity in the country and this was the first step to regulate this kind of service. But only in 1980 the National Program of Blood and Stems – Pro-Sangue was created tends with main goal the implantation of Hemocenters in Brazil. Comparing the year 1999, when 2.096.190 blood collections were accomplished by National Hematology Network, with the year 2000, when 2.329.937 people donated blood, we noticed a significant increase in the number of donors throughout Brazil. The National Management of Blood and Stems, responsible for the blood section in Brazil, steems the percentage of spontaneous donations around 41,74% and in this estimate 54,99% represent replacement donors. In 1971, the first private blood banks showed up in Ceará, and in 1983, HEMOCE, started to operate. Ten years later, Regional Hemocenters was implanted in the country side of the state. Nowadays, the hemotherapic coverage in Ceará approaches 100%, assisting all of the public and private hospitals.