Aspectos econômicos e produtivos da pecuária de leite no semiárido nordestino

Abstract

In the last 50 years, milk production in Brazil has been growing systematically, and this production is marked by diversity in production systems, both in aspects related to herd feeding and milk quality. In this way, data collection is essential for control and to improve assertiveness in decision-making, in order to maintain the competitiveness of milk production, in view of the high competition, uncertainties and reduction of profit margins in which milk producers are included. The objective of the study was to characterize the productive factors of food, sanitary and milking management, with a view to establishing associations with aspects of milk productivity and obtaining economic indicators of the activity in the region of Baixo Jaguaribe - CE. Data were obtained through the application of 57 questionnaires. The average milk productivity for the properties studied was 1964.3 (L/cow/year) with average daily productivity of 8.93 L/cow. As for bulky food, 71.9% of respondents declared using natural pasture, 15.8% natural pasture and some type of cultivated forage, 10.5% said they did not have pasture, using only weeds or silage, and less than 2% said that management was carried out exclusively with cultivated pasture. It was noticed that 87.8% of the producers provide feed and 12.3% do not provide it at any time of the year, in addition, among those who use feed, 80% of the producers provide it throughout the year and 20% only use it in the dry season. Coccidiosis is the most recurrent disease, being reported by 40.3% of the producers, followed by parasitic bovine sadness (TPB) with 35.1%. Manual milking is the most used type among the studied producers (50.9%), although the number of producers who use mechanized milking, the bucket-to-foot type, is not so distant (49.1%). The gross income from the dairy activity had an average value of R$ 146,967.8 per year and the gross income from milk was R$ 116,415.79 (79.2%), but the cost of the herd's diet was R$ 88,279, 06 (75.8% of gross income from milk). The average gross margin obtained was 37,143.15 reais. The costs of feeding the herd are responsible for most of the variable costs, lacking techniques that aim to improve the productivity of milk production. The sale of animals is a determining factor for the maintenance of the dairy activity, as it adds income throughout the year.