Indicadores de qualidade de água utilizando técnicas de análise multivariada

Abstract

The lake of Messejana is a region that concentrates shops and homes, causing environmental problems to the ecosystem by point or diffuse pollution. Aiming to use multivariate analysis as a tool for interpreting the data collection was carried out of water in three sections, between July/2007 and agosto/2006, monthly. The variable temperature, turbidity, pH, conductivity, BOD5, COD, DO, TSS, TDS, total ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphorus, alkalinity, hardness and CTT were analyzed. The results were validated, standardized and submitted to PCA to reduce the data, facilitating inferences about the problems. Looking at three points, separately, in section 01 the four components, explaining 73.51% of the variability, groups defined by domestic sewage, supply of organic load, temperature and last for dissolved compounds. In point 02, the four components explaining 73.21%, defined contamination of fecal origin, input of organic matter, the degradation of organic matter and the impacts of household activities. To point 03 there is explanation of 67.21% in four components, establishing the process of eutrophication, contamination of domestic origin, autodepuration processes and input of organic matter. The study confirms that the input of organic load is the main factor of deterioration of the ecosystem, requiring monitoring and infrastructure for sanitation.