Manifestações patológicas nas autoconstruções habitacionais no Grande Bom Jardim na cidade de Fortaleza

Abstract

Within the context of social and urban problems, underprivileged outskirts witness self-building methods, in which low-income people are prevented from accessing the housing market. Self-building is related to the process through which residents handle the management and the execution of their homes, including cases in which the homes are built with assistance from friends, neighbors and even paid professionals, but with no assistance from an engineering professional. Considering the lack of planning, technical knowledge and even financial resources, it is usual to witness the development of construction pathologies which express problems in the building. The main objective for this work is to analyze on a qualitative and quantitative basis construction pathologies found in the Grande Bom Jardim area in Fortaleza, Ceará. The literature review explores topics such as Self-Building, Housing Policies, Studying the Area, Construction Pathologies, Durability and Maintenance in Buildings, Construction Pathologies in Masonry and Mortar Coating. The area chosen for study underwent a collection of sample data through a 35- question guide which aims at defining the financial power of residents, as well as the living conditions. For the aid of visual observation, photographic records were made, as well as the use of a tape measure, fissuremeter, crayons and hammer, when necessary. The sample is composed of 32 households, with no probabilistic character. Results are divided into four topics: Social and Economic Characterization of the Visited Families, Housing Acquisiton Process, Housing Characterization and Exposure of the Main Pathological Manifestations Observed in the Housing Inspection. The pathological manifestations appeared in a similar way, however with varying intensity and peculiarities. Authors point out that cracks and moisture stains tend to be the most recurrent pathological manifestations in buildings, however, the aforementioned study had the number of cracks as the highest intensity, which is plausible because it is an exploratory sample.