O ensino de ciências da natureza na escola única do trabalho na obra de Pistrak (1888-1937): notas introdutórias sobre a educação soviética no início do século XX

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to analyze Pistrak's experience at the unique school of labor, institution Lepechinski School (Moscow, Russia), in the context of the Bolshevik revolution of 1917, seeking a critical analysis of its content in the area of natural sciences. The study uses documentary research, carried out by studying the main works translated into Portuguese by the socialist pedagogue, as well as bibliographic research as an accessory method. The results of the research under the analyzed documents and the investigated literature indicated the use of some methodologies for pedagogical activities, such as the use of empirical research, experimentation, demonstrations, reading books, excursions and lectures. Furthermore, it is described that the pedagogues of that school used teaching by complexes, building a pedagogical theory based on the articulation between work and education. Regarding the curricular aspects of themes taught at school, the teaching of botany, general biology, chemistry, physics and zoological study stands out, which included a view in an increasing order of biological development. Finally, the themes of body and human education and sexuality education are analyzed, focusing on a broad and dialectical view of these themes.