Protocolo assistencial do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio para pacientes pediátricos com reações alérgicas e anafilaxia

Abstract

Allergic reactions and anaphylaxis are part of everyday pediatric emergencies and need fast and safe approaches in order to avoid their severe forms. This protocol aims to suggest the standardization of conducts in the pediatric ward of the Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio (HUWC). A review of protocols already well established and used in other hospitals was carried out, as well as practical guides from pediatric societies, in addition to a review of the treatment of allergic reactions and anaphylaxis today. Allergic reactions have a wide spectrum of severity, from the simplest, in which we use second generation antihistamines with good resolution of the condition, to the most dramatic, with severe acute systemic reaction, in which it is necessary to check the pathways, breathing and circulation, administration of intramuscular adrenaline, use of bronchodilators and constant reassessment. The individualized initial assessment of the patient is essential for the protocol to be followed properly, the speed and efficiency of the treatment depend, mainly, on a precise initial assessment. Serious reactions such as anaphylaxis can evolve in a fatal way, however, when the signs and symptoms are recognized immediately, treated and the causative agent is removed, the prognosis is favorable.