O uso da OBFEP como um instrumento de ensino e aprendizagem: uma análise dos experimentos de 2012-2021

Abstract

Regarding the teaching and learning process, it appears that just conducting lectures in Physics, with the memorizing and reproduction of formulas and calculations as protagonists, is not enough to arouse the interest and attention of students in the classroom. In view of this problem, scientific olympiads can be used as a methodological tool in the classroom, justifying the importance of the Brazilian Physics Olympiad for Public School (OBFEP) for this process of making students more interactive and also in the dissemination of science. Therefore, this work aims to propose the use of OBFEP in the classroom, through experimental questions, contributing to the improvement of Physics teaching and learning. In this perspective, a bibliographic research was carried out, with the aim of compiling the tests (which are difficult to access for teachers and students) and describing the main characteristics of the OBFEP experimental questions in the editions from 2012 to 2021, involving levels A, B and C, as well as analyzing the scientific production focused on the use of this Olympiad, especially in the experimental emphasis. In this first stage of the work, it was verified that the experiments approached the themes of classical mechanics (statics of rigid bodies and hydrostatics, approaching issues of equilibrium, balance and rotation balance, Hooke's law and buoyancy), calorimetry (specific heat and latent heat), wave (simple pendulum and spring-mass oscillator) and electromagnetism (thermionic emission). Thus, in this work we seek to present the experimental problems that were addressed in the OBFEP, first making a theoretical approach to the subjects covered in each test, then making an experimental approach, in which we propose solutions for the experiments, discuss the experimental setups and explore the precautions students should have during the exam. In addition, from the result of the bibliographic analysis and the need to contribute to the experimental training, in this work a didactic guide was made that addresses the analysis and treatment of experimental data so that teachers and students feel familiar with a theory that will serve as a basis to use the questions of this Olympiad in the school context. With this work, we aim to help Physics teachers establish new teaching practices based on OBFEP experiments, exploring their qualitative and quantitative aspects, in addition to encouraging the establishment of a culture of student participation in this Olympiad.