Plásmons em sistemas de baixa dimensionalidade

Abstract

In the last decades, the field of plasmonics has advanced at full speed and could make possible a revolution in electronics, allowing the exchange of components composed of semiconductors for faster and smaller-scale photonic devices. This possibility is related to one of the main properties of surface plasmons: They have a shorter wavelength than the light that generates them. In this work, we will make an initial approach to plasmonics using the Drude model for the electronic response in metals, comparing and fitting this model with experimental data for the complex dielectric constant of noble metals (copper, silver and gold) from the literature. We then go a step further by finding the solution for surface plasmons that are formed in a flat waveguide, which, together with the Drude model, explain some of the most fundamental and important behaviors of plasmons. After the flat solution, we apply an electrostatic approach to the geometry of a spherical metallic nanoparticle subjected to an external electric field which, again applying the Drude model, leads us to a resonance effect on the polarizability of the nanoparticles. Finally, we compared the resonance found with experimental data from the literature for the response of metallic nanoparticles and their resonance peaks.