Análise da autocorrelação espacial dos casos e óbitos confirmados de Covid-19 em Fortaleza, Ceará.

Abstract

Contamination by COVID-19 affects different scales of society and, especially in urban and globalized environments, it encounters various transmission vectors, such as the large population and displacements between city neighborhoods and other spaces. In the city of Fortaleza, from January 2020 to April 2021, a total of 138,794 cases and 7,080 confirmed deaths were registered. Therefore, the research proposed to analyze the spatial correlation of confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19 in the city of Fortaleza - Ceará, investigating the distribution pattern and the spatial autocorrelation of the number of infections and deaths caused by the disease. In the research, population data from the municipality were used, obtained through the 2021 epidemiological bulletin of the City of Fortaleza and the Municipal Health Department (SMS). Data referring to confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19 were obtained through the Health Transparency Platform of Ceará, Integra SUS, in the period between January 2020 and April 2021. To carry out the study, descriptive statistical techniques were used and spatial analysis of data such as the Global Moran Index and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA). According to the results, the central territories of the city concentrate the neighborhoods with spatial autocorrelation with High-High and Low-High patterns, with the first being the most expressive; in the east side of the city, there is a Low-Low and High-Low pattern. Thus, the analysis of spatial self-correction and spatialization of the disease is of fundamental importance for understanding how COVID-19 is configured in the territory.