Painéis fotovoltaicos em aterros sanitários: oportunidades de promoção de desenvolvimento sustentável

Abstract

Landfills were defined by the National Solid Waste Policy, instituted by Law No 12.305 / 2010, as the appropriate solution for the disposal of Urban Solid Waste. In addition to the issue of basic sanitation, the challenge of meeting growing energy demand is also highlighted in large urban centers. Renewable energies are a promising source of energy, especially photovoltaic solar energy, because it is well established in the market and because it has the characteristic of distri- buted generation. In this context, this work seeks to propose the installation of solar photovoltaic plants in enclosed landfills, thus obtaining a beneficial and productive reuse of degraded areas. The methodology used in the study included a bibliographical research on the legal, technical and financial aspects of a solar landfill project in Brazil. In addition to the use of the "Decision TreeTool"and the "System Advisor Model-SAM"computational tools, to identify locations for the adequacy of photovoltaic installations and to measure the performance of these systems. Through an opportunity study in the state of Ceará, namely, Aterro Sanitário Metropolitano Oeste de Caucaia - ASMOC, technical aspects were evaluated, such as solar resource, final cover and different photovoltaic technologies, for the implementation of this innovative system in Brazil. There were therefore attractive aspects, such as the energy compensation system, 5.59KWh /m2/ day of average solar radiation in the locality studied, the landfill area of 78,47 hectares does not represent an obstacle to the installation of a photovoltaic system, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and, above all, an opportunity for clean development for municipalities that dispose of their waste at ASMOC.