A foz do Riacho Maceió à luz das ferramentas de planejamento ambiental de Fortaleza, Ceará

Abstract

Maceió creek is one of the few watercourses that runs entirely in the city of Fortaleza. Considered an important spring, which was once part of the historic construction of the Mucuripe district, today it is marked by the degradation of its banks and riverbed, as a result of the environmental impacts of the unbridled process of urbanization in the city. Based on this premise, the general objective of this work is to analyze the strengths and weaknesses perceived in the landscape of the mouth of the Riacho Maceió in the light of environmental planning tools from Fortaleza, Ceará. Therefore, a documentary and bibliographic survey was carried out on the themes of urbanization; landscape of urban rivers; environmental planning and management, as well as its tools for the urban space, more specifically in the city of Fortaleza, and that included the study area. This survey involved primary data sources - from field activities carried out in July and August 2021, which resulted in visual observations and photographic records - and secondary data, extracted from newspapers, books, scientific articles, theses, dissertations , monographs, technical documents and legislation (federal, state and municipal). The Participatory Master Plan, the Operação Urbana Consorciada (Consortium Urban Operation - OUC) Parque Foz do Riacho Maceió and the Integrated Management Plan for the Fortaleza seafront were listed. From the analysis of these documents, it was observed that they have a fundamental role in the territorial planning of the mouth of the Maceió creek by defining its zones, limits, objectives, instruments and parameters to be followed. However, it was found that the OUC ended up producing a gentrification process, with the removal of families who lived near the mouth. Regarding the characterization of the area, problems related to water pollution in the source were noted, with its natural landscape uncharacterized. Another point observed was the socio-spatial inequalities, highlighted by the co-ownership of socially vulnerable people and people with greater purchasing power. Among the proposals for the mouth, there is the greater effectiveness of social participation in the planning of the area, to be incorporated mainly in the consortium urban operation, in order to avoid vices that could threaten the right to the city.