Análise espacial da qualidade de águas para abastecimento público: um estudo de caso no canal eixão das águas do Ceará

Abstract

Water is a primordial asset for human beings, both for economic development and for the maintenance of life, and having this resource in sufficient quantity and quality to meet the demands is very important. In Brazil there are regions that have an abundance of this resource, and in others it is quite scarce. In the Northeast of Brazil, and more specifically in Ceará, water scarcity has been a problem that has been faced for a long time, and to combat the lack of water, the Brazilian Government has financed works aimed at guaranteeing access to water for certain continuous regions over the years. One of these works is the Canal do Eixão das Águas, which transports water from Castanhão to the Metropolitana Region of Fortaleza. The research problem aims to analyze the qualitative aspects of water along the channel's path by collecting water for analysis distributed along sections 1,2 and 3 of the channel, assuming the interference of the low levels in the Castanhão reservoir in the quality of the water resource, and to analyze the influence of the path in these water quality parameters such as: thermotolerant coliforms, BOD, phosphorus, nitrogen, pH, total solids, temperature, turbidity and dissolved oxygen. The results showed that some parameters varied negatively along the path of sections 1, 2 and 3 of the channel, falling from a class 1 freshwater classification to class 4 in some parameters, according to the existing classification in resolution n° 357/2005 of Conama.