O enfrentamento ao tráfico de pessoas no Brasil: políticas públicas adotadas após ratificação do Protocolo de Palermo

Abstract

The fight against human trafficking started to gain prominence on the global stage after the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, which took place in 2000 in New York. In this convention, three additional protocols were created, among them the Additional Protocol Relating to the Prevention, Repression and Punishment of Trafficking in Persons, especially women and children, better known as the Palermo Protocol. The Protocol has its guidelines concentrated on three main points; the prevention, repression and punishment of human trafficking. The present work had as a general objective to analyze the main public policies to combat human trafficking in Brazil, specifically, to discuss the importance of human rights to combat trafficking, to identify the Public Policies to combat human trafficking implemented after the ratification of the Palermo Protocol in Brazil and present the main findings of the national report on human trafficking: data from 2014 to 2016. The research was characterized as an exploratory study, with a qualitative approach of the bibliographic type. The theoretical basis was based on documents and laws dealing with human trafficking in addition to authors who discuss their history, such as Derks (2000) and Uçarer (1999), as well as Leal (2002), Farias (2006), Clark (2003) that presented problems of trafficking in a national and global scope. It is concluded that despite the public policies implemented after the ratification of the Palermo protocol and also the national report on trafficking in persons, the victims of this crime are the most vulnerable: young and adult women, aged 20 to 59, of poor origin, as well as foreigners in an irregular situation in the country. Vulnerability is caused by a number of factors, including disrespect for human rights that undermines human dignity. This fact indicates that there is a need for more State intervention in promoting effective policies to guarantee rights and tackle all types of violence, including human trafficking.