A praça do traço ao concreto - análise dos espaços públicos de Fortaleza: programa de adoção de praças e áreas verdes

Abstract

The square consists of the materialization of community living. There, the practice of commerce, leisure, meetings, discussions and events built a home. In view of this, the practices associated with the collectivity, carried out in this space, over time, established a relationship of appropriation by the users. Therefore, it is part of the people's memory, and a tool for preserving the identity of the space in which it is inserted. However, despite its historical and social importance, the square in Fortaleza experiences disuse and degradation. Spontaneous and disordered urban expansions, the change in the consumption model and leisure practices, violence, the marginalization of spaces, the neglect of public authorities and the lack of attractions are the main reasons for this decline. The city of Fortaleza contains a series of squares that have experienced, from the height and heyday of social appreciation to complete abandonment and deterioration, as well as others that remain in constant use, adapting to changes and new demands. In order to understand this paradox, the present work seeks to explore the square as an object of study in the city of Fortaleza. In the case of public space, the presence of public policies and the City Hall are inextricably linked in this discussion, and in this case, the City Hall presents us the Program for the Adoption of Squares and Green Areas in Fortaleza, in force since 2013. Facing the degradation situation of squares present in the city, the program appears proposing the adoption of public space, by Legal Entity, Physics and Residents' Association, aiming to share the responsibility of maintaining these spaces and reconnecting civil society with the city, and conservation, and use of space urban. From this premise, four squares were selected for analysis: two spaces adopted, the Central Square of the City 2000 and the Ferreira Square, while to promote a comparison to this case the Praça dos Leões and Praça dos Mártires, which they are environments protected by the program. Their analysis will be carried out through documentary research about their history, as well as the project and technical design and interviews with the users and agencies responsible for maintenance and inspection. The work, in turn, also discusses the impact of the Program for the adoption of squares and green areas, due to the fact that it brings users closer to the public space and encourages the appropriation and feeling of belonging to society. Through this survey, the development of a method of analysis of the square that aims to establish a parallel between the cases studied is sought. Finally, the work seeks to highlight the importance of preserving and conserving public spaces for society