Desempenho energético de um trator 4x2 TDA em operação de escarificação, em função da velocidade e dos desgaste dos pneus

Abstract

With the need to increase productivity in the field during historical periods, it became necessary the advancement of mechanization that over the years has replaced manual labor and animal traction. The tractor's traveling speed and the pneumatic assemblies used are factors that directly affect the performance of agricultural machinery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the energy performance of a 4x2 TDA tractor as a function of the displacement speed, using a set of new and worn tires, performing the scarification operation. The work was carried out in the experimental area of the Laboratory of Investigation of Accidents with Agricultural Machines - LIMA, belonging to UFC, in solid ground, using a tractor 4x2 TDA Valtra BM120, with power of 88,26 kW (120 hp), equipped with ballast liquids and solids to perform the operation. Two sets of new and worn tires were used. The hourly (CH) and specific (EC) consumption of fuel, power (PB) and yield on the traction bar (RB), traction coefficient (CT) and skating were used. The data were acquired with the aid of sensors installed throughout the tractor and stored in a datalloger. The design was a completely randomized design (DIC), in a 3x2 factorial scheme, with three displacement speeds (2.5, 3 and 5 km.h-1) and two types of tire sets (new and worn) with five repetitions, followed by analysis of variance and test of means. There was no significant interaction in the tire, speed and tire interaction x speed for hourly and specific fuel consumption. The velocity of 5 km.h-1 showed a significant difference in the variables of power in the traction bar and yield in the traction bar. In the coefficient of traction, the set of new tires presented better results. Skating was higher in worn tires. It is concluded that the new tire sets adopting the highest speed of displacement are the most advisable to use.