Avaliação do impacto das mudanças climáticas no sistema de drenagem urbana em localidades situadas em baixas latitudes: um estudo de caso em Fortaleza-CE

Abstract

The observed changes in extreme weather events reflect the influence of climate change caused by anthropogenic factors, in addition to natural climate variability. According to future climate projections, the increase in the average surface temperature will cause major changes in the average annual rainfall of almost the entire planet. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of possible scenarios of climate change on urban drainage system in locations situated at low latitudes. The specific location of the study was one of the Rio Cocó sub-basins in the city of Fortaleza-CE. It was used rainfall data generated by 6 (six) different global circulation models: bcc-CSM1, CanESM2, CCSM4, CESM1-CAM5, inmcm4 and MIROC5. These data were extracted and interpolated to the city of Fortaleza-CE. This information was used in order to generate new IDF equations designed for the future, by using the “Equidistance Quantile Matching Method”, based on climate projections RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The new values of rainfall generated by these new IDF curves were used as input data to HEC-HMS program, which is capable of calculating flow and volume disposed in a particular basin. The results showed that large increases in flow rates and volumes disposed in the analyzed drainage system will occur, and that the RCP 8.5 scenario presented even more pronounced values than the ones generated by the scenario RCP 4.5.