A influência da atenção farmacêutica na taxa de risco cardiovascular em hipertensos de unidade básica de saúde do Ceará

Abstract

The Systemic Arterial Hypertension is one of the most important diseases in Brazil regarding epidemiology. Among the major causes for death in individuals with hyper-tension the cardiovascular complications show great relevance due to their severity and frequency. Prior studies from several countries demonstrated that, through the Pharmaceutical Care (PC) practice, there was a decrease in the cardiovascular risk rate (%CVR) of patients with hypertension. Up to that, it was decided to investigate and demonstrate, by means of a randomized clinical assay, the influence of the PC practice on the %CVR from hypertensive patients attended by the pharmacy service from the Primary Care Unit Dr. Anastácio Magalhães. Aiming this, two study groups were formed, an Intervention Group (IG), in which the participants went through a 9 month Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-up (PTF) according to the Dáder Method, and a Control Group (CG), in which the participants received traditional care and were mo-nitored during the same period of time. At the beginning, middle and end of the study, laboratorial exams and blood pressure levels from the participants were registered. These were necessary for the %CVR assessment which was performed after using the Framingham Scale. Were included 68 patients and 56 of them completed the study. At the end, the differences between results from each group were analyzed. After the statistical analysis, it was observed a statistically significant decrease on the %CVR and systolic blood pressure level from the IG patients, equivalent to 26.9% and 4.5% from the baseline, respectively. The CG didn’t show any significant differ-ence. Beside this, it was observed a tendency for positive results on the other clinic indicators from the participants, which was greater on the IG. The incidence of the Drug Related Problems (DRP) was determined, and 151 DRP were identified and classified. The DRP 04, 03 and 05 were the most predominant with frequency of 31.8% 28.5% and 21.2%, respectively. The majority of the DRP was considered the real type (65.6%), with 28.3% of them classified as DRP 04. Among the potential type (34.4%) the most common was also the DRP 04, representing 38.5% of this group. Several pharmaceutical interventions were taken in order to solve or prevent the identified DRP (124 total). The most common intervention made was the teaching about the right time to take the drugs (52.4%). After the developing of the interven-tions, 89.2% of the problems were solved/prevented. At the end, we were able to conclude that the inclusion of the PC service on the hypertensive patient health care was more effective at decreasing %CVR and SBP level, especially, in comparison to the traditional health care offered. Finally, we emphasize the importance of the PC practice oriented to patients with hypertension as a good strategy to improve current health status and the future cardiovascular complications prevention as well as the prevention of the therapy related problems which are normally undetected or ne-glected.