Aprendizado de surdos e ouvintes portugueses sobre preservativo masculino após utilização de vídeo educativo

Abstract

Male condom is a contraceptive method used for the dual purpose of preventing unplanned pregnancies and Sexually Transmitted Infections. Deaf people have visuospatial language as their first communication, however few nurses master sign language, thus, having difficulty in producing inclusive educational materials and, consequently, making it difficult for this group to access information about sexual and reproductive health. In this context, it was necessary to develop educational technology that met the precepts of universal design (for deaf and hearing people), playing an important role in the acceptance of condoms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the learning of deaf and Portuguese listeners after using an educational video on the use of male condoms. Multi-method study, carried out between January 2018 and February 2019, consisting of six steps, namely: Construction and Validation of the Content and Question Bank on Sexual and Reproductive Health, and Use of the Male Condom; Elaboration of the Video Script and Stoyrboard; Transcultural adaptation of the Script and Question Bank; Video Recording and Editing; and Assessment of Deaf and Hearing Knowledge Before and After Using the Video. Reference institutions for teaching and dialogue of the deaf in the cities of Porto and Coimbra served as places for capturing and applying the research, with a sample of 23 deaf people for pilot testing in the process of cross-cultural adaptation and 29 deaf people for knowledge assessment. Two Higher Education institutions in the city of Porto composed places to compose a sample of 91 listeners for knowledge assessment. For data analysis, tests were used: Content Validity Index, Cronbach's Alpha, McNewmar's Test, Chi-Square and Student's t, considering a significance level of 5%. Ethical and legal precepts were respected according to national and international research guidelines involving human beings. Construction of the content and question database followed national and international guidelines on the subject; and the validation process occurred in two cycles, with final agreement greater than 80%. Elaboration of the script respected the guiding axes of Vygotsky's Theory of Learning, and portrayed a fictitious situation about the sexual and reproductive health of a couple with a focus on safe sex. Storyboard sought to explore the aesthetic dimension and care was taken so that the images did not reinforce stereotypes. Script and Question Bank underwent modifications to improve the cultural process, with more substantial changes mentioned in the evaluation by a committee of experts. In addition, analysis of internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha coefficient revealed high reliability, for Portuguese culture, of the scenes in the script (α = 0.909) and the questions in the question bank (α = 0.874). Video was recorded in 19 scenes, and had a final version containing 10 minutes and 47 seconds, consisting of synchronized narration, audio, animation and Portuguese sign language (LGP). Number of correct answers in the pre-test and immediate post-test was 8.64 to 9.64 in the listener, and from 6.17 to 8.17 for the deaf (p <0.0001). It is concluded that educational video raised knowledge about the use of the male condom for deaf and hearing people, making its dissemination on a large scale relevant, as it will provide a reference for evaluation on the subject in different geographical regions. Thus, contributing to the autonomy regarding the use of this contraceptive method between both groups studied.