Esclarecimento em Kant. Algumas ponderações críticas à luz da leitura da dialética do esclarecimento de Adorno e Horkheimer

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to articulate some central theses about the concept the Enlightenment (Aufklärung), especially in the Kantian Paperback eintitled: The answer to the question: what is enlightment? (Die Beantwortung der Frage: was ist Aufklärung?), considering that it amazingly concentrates and crystallizes the new way of thinking the contemporary problems, comparing it to other important Kantian texts for their own analysis and understanding especially with the text Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Point of View (Idee Zu Einer Allgeimener Geschichte in Weltburgerlicher Absicht). This paper is composed of three stages : a) it refers to theories that underlie the central thought of the Enlightenment ; b) It deepens the concept of Enlightnment in Kant, showing that the passage from immaturity to adulthood is not a natural process, but rather decided atitude of the subject to take the orientation and the conduct of his ownlife having the courage to avail himself of his own understanding; c) it makes some critics in the light of the analysis of Adorno and Horkheimer mainly starting from the text Dialetic of Enlightenment (Dialektik der Aufklärung).