Análise dos impactos da geração distribuída fotovoltaica no fator de potência e nas correntes de curto-circuito de uma rede de distribuição utilizando o software OpenDSS.

Abstract

Growing rapidly around the world, distributed photovoltaic generation increasingly needs studies to clarify and mitigate its impacts on the integration with the electricity distribution system. The Open Distribution System Simulator (OpenDSS) software allowed the design and description of the medium voltage network used in this work. Within this context, the objective of this paper is to present a study of the impacts of photovoltaic distributed generation on the medium voltage distribution system by modelling and simulating the grid with OpenDSS. The study was performed at the 01C6 feeder, supplied by Dias Macêdo distribution substation (SE DMC), belonging to the energy utility Enel Distribuição Ceará (EDC).The methodology for the development of this work involved: the construction of a 66 photovoltaic systems script for simulation; choosing the generation curve based on a real residential plant located in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará; the definition of three simulation scenarios with different levels of power injection into the grid from photovoltaic generators; the sizing and scripting of the fixed and automatic three-phase capacitor banks for power factor correction, according to the standards required by the Brazilian national electric energy agency, Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL). As for the characteristics of the scenarios: scenario 1 defines the normal state of the network without power injection; in scenario 2, the installed capacity of photovoltaic generation is defined as 50% of the installed capacity of the loads connected to it; in scenario 3, the installed generation power is defined as 100% of the installed power of the loads connected to it. After describing and simulating the network in all proposed scenarios, the Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) software was used to analyze the results, being the power factor and the three-phase, two-phase and single-phase short circuit levels, the analyzed parameters in each bus of the simulated network. It was possible to verify that, with the increase of the generation level, there was a decrease in the load power factor, which was corrected by the reactive power supplied by the capacitive banks. It was also found that in scenario 3, the most critical situation of this study, there was no significant increase in simulated short circuit currents.