Fabricação de detergente como tema gerador de ensino e aprendizagem em química.

Abstract

One of the constant difficulties of the educators, at the present time, is the possibility of realizing practical classes in the public schools mainly. Experimental chemistry classes in high school continue to be complex, either due to lack of materials or even to infrastructure. Some students aim at an "intellectual fun," no connection of experiments with their experiences or subjects discussed in class. The experimental class in Chemistry can be described as a pedagogical plan that has the function of generating questions, discussions, problems and search for explanations for the observed facts, providing the growth of the macroscopic aspect verified for the microscopic. These classes are efficient ways to teach and improve the perception of Chemistry contents. Thus, at the end of the research it is intended to answer the following problem: how can the practical classes help in teaching and learning the discipline of chemistry in high school? As a general objective, we intend to make a comparison of student's learning from a practical class on the detergent manufacturing. For this purpose, the following specific objectives were established: to evaluate the students' prior knowledge about the subject by means of a questionnaire specific; Applying a questionnaire to identify students' perceptions of chemistry discipline; Conduct lectures on the subject of chemical functions and the history and appearance of the detergent; Develop a hands-on class with students about the manufacture of detergent; To evaluate by means of a questionnaire the knowledge acquired by the students after the workshop. This work describes in a practical class of simple detergent manufacture, with the purpose of relating theory and practice of some chemistry contents of the 3rd year of high school, stimulating the students' day-to-day contextualization. At the end of the study, it was found that students learn the content more easily in the practical classes, being an important methodology that should be conducted according to the proposal of the PCN.