A relação trabalho-educação na formação do ser social: um estudo de Marx de 1844 a 1848

Abstract

This disertatio, developed in Education postgraduate program in Federal University of Ceará, examines the relationship between work and education through the process of construction of the social being in Marx’s work, especially from his manuscripts from 1844 to 1848, known as: Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts (1844); The German ideology: Critique of modern german philosophy according to its representatives Feuerbach, B. Bauer and Stirner, and beyond that, a critique of german socialism according to its various prophets (1845-46); Theses on Feuerbach (1845) and The Communist Manifesto (1848).This research has a qualitative approach aiming on two basic objectives: an exploratory and a comprehensible one throughout a bibliographical procedure, we have also adopted as methodological procedure the reflexive-critic-dialectic method. Firstly, we have presented the main categories and concepts that makes it possible to understand the critical thought of Marx on the capitalist society, mainly, presenting concepts such as: commodity, private propriety, wage, estrangement, alienation, man (as a social being), the general character of the human being, the Communism and, mainly, the double conception of work (as an estranged work and, nonetheless, as the ontological premise on the process of construction of man as a social being). In this research our purpose is, therefore, to demonstrate how Marx comprehend education as a process that develops not only physical and intellectual capacities, but also, inherently, the moral understanding of human being in general or, in other words, how he apprehends education as a development of all human capacities. Finally, after a rough process of investigation, we assert the intertwined connection between work and education in this study. On the one hand, we demonstrate how Marx presents estranged work as a pernicious risk to the entire development of social being since such type of work is imposed to man, in the capitalist society, as mandatory and, therefore, a self-sacrificed work. In this sense, the relationship between estranged labor and education operates negatively in the social being construction-process. On the other hand, we present the positive side of the relationship between work (a vital, conscient and free activity) and education, accordingly, implying that work and education are essentials formative principles of the human being.