Eficiência energética e operacional de um conjunto trator-pulverizador na cultura da acerola (Malpighia emarginata)

Abstract

Agricultural mechanization is one of the great contributions to the optimization of diverse processes within the most varied contexts of agricultural production. However, one of the major problems encountered by several producers is the difficulty in adapting the fleet of tractors and existing implementations in the property, most of the time this adaptation is based on the assumption of the farmer, sometimes this practical knowledge generates adequate processes but often the lack of technical parameters to choose the best machine and the speed and rotation regime end up increasing expenses and decreasing the efficiency of the process, which can result in excessive expenses with fuel and time of operation, reducing the field efficiency of the machine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a tractor model with 61.23 kW of power, implemented with an atomizer type sprayer used in the acerola crop, in order to determine the ideal combinations of gears / revolutions of the set, looking for improved operational performance and reduced fuel consumption. The study was conducted in the inter - planting lines of Fazenda Amway Nutrilite from brazil in the municipality of Ubajara in the state of Ceará, the experimental design was completely randomized (DIC) with 2 treatments M1 (L3 / 1900) and M2 (L4 / 1900) with 8 repetitions each. The fuel consumption by area (Cco), effective field capacity (Cce) and operational field capacity (Bcc) as well as the displacement velocity (V) were used as evaluation parameters. In order to test the normality of the data, the methodology of normality was used by the asymmetry and kurtosis index according to Montgomery (2004). Confirmed to normality, the data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) by the F test, where the averages of the significant factors were compared with the Tukey test at the 5% probability level, the statistical software Minitab® version 18 was used. According to the results, the fuel consumption per area of lowest value observed was in the M2 treatment of 3.12 L ha-1 and higher in M1 of 4,385 L ha-1. The highest values of Cce and Cca were in the M2 treatment of 1.72 and 1.16 ha h-1 respectively. We can conclude that the present work can find the best gait / rotation scheduling and thus optimize the performance and energy efficiency of the studied set.