Ciclismo em Fortaleza como alternativa de mobilidade: um olhar avaliativo sobre programas cicloviários municipais

Abstract

The dissertation, presented to the public, is based on the reflections and analytical findings of evaluative research developed during the period 2017-2018 on urban mobility in Fortaleza, in the contradictory context of municipal interventions in the Fortaleza metropolis, in the Mayor's Office, Roberto Cláudio Bezerra, specific area in the period 2013-2018. In this perspective, I assumed, as reference in this evaluative research, two municipal urban cycling programs: Bicycling Program and Integrated Bicycles to Public Transport Program - PBITP. Along the paths and unfolding of this evaluation research, I entered into the complexity of urban cycling in Fortaleza, centering the analyzes in three axes: cycling as a way of urban mobility in Fortaleza metropolis, in the second decade of the XXI century, circumscribing it as a contemporary trend, in the midst of their dilemmas; Bicycle and PBITP configurations as municipal public bicycle programs, evaluating the socio-political meanings of these two programs and their legitimacy as interventions of the municipal government; repercussions of the implementation of Bicycling and PBITP in the creation of infrastructure in the field of urban cycling in Fortaleza and with respect to the culture around cycling, considering the tensions between patterns of invisibility and multiple forms of violence and the emergence of a treatment of respect to the cyclist as an urban actor. The evaluative effort of dimensions of the Urban Cycle Mobility Policy required (re) to build bridges and mediations with the Urban Mobility Policy, as an institutional matrix, having, as a horizon of analysis, the Urban Quetão in contemporaneity. To that end, I have worked open routes by reference authors in this field of study: Henri Lefebvre, David Harvey, Erminia Maricato, Raquel Rolnik, Renato Boareto. In this direction, I have moved, as analytical categories of theoretical support of this academic production: evaluation, urban question, city right, urban mobility, cycling mobility, urban cycling, public bicycle programs, cycling sociability, culture in traffic. In the construction of the investigative process, I sought to assume a counter-hegemonic perspective in the epistemic field of public policy evaluation, based on two evaluative matrices: Raul Lejano's PostConstructivist Paradigm and Léa Rodrigues In-Depth Assessment. Particularly, from the Lejano matrix, I took, as inspiration, his indications of the fusion of text and context, considering the complex and multidimensional dimension of the evaluative experience. Specifically, Léa Rodrigues developed the methodological design of the research from the analytical axes indicated: analysis of the context of the mobility policy in the ambit of the Urban Mobility Policy in the Brazilian scenario and strengthen; analysis of the contents of the Cycle Mobility Policies in Brazil and Fortaleza, carrying out a thorough examination of the official material; institutional trajectory of the Bicycling and PBITP Programs; temporal and territorial spectrum, considering the management of Roberto Claudio in Fortaleza metropolis in the period 2013-2018. In order to make concrete the referral of the Evaluation from the perspective of such matrices, I outlined the development of a social research of a qualitative nature with a triple routing: Conducting a survey on Municipal Bicycle Programs and Integrated Bicycles to Public Transport, in order to evaluate the question of knowledge and social legitimacy of these Programs, reaching a contingent of 1,000 people from different groups and segments of society strengthen; Field studies in stations of the Bicycling and Integrated Bicycles Programs to Public Transport, with systematic observations of the movements of movement of bicycle withdrawal and return, of the profile of the users, with contacts and conversations with users of the Programs that were willing to speak , seeking to perceive their perception on these municipal services of bicycle offers and the structures of the city for cycling; Institutional mapping of the infrastructure implemented in the city of Fortaleza to support cycling as a way of mobility, using virtual research on websites of the City Hall of Fortaleza and visits to the bodies linked to the Cycle Urban Mobility Policy.