Retalhos em cirurgia periodontal - revisão de literatura.

Abstract

Surgical periodontal therapy emerged as an option to treat some cases of periodontal disease, as well as to modify the morphology of periodontal tissues in order to restore periodontal health and function while preserving the dental element. This article aimed to describe in a didactic way the main techniques of flaps used in periodontal surgery for surgical access and in clinical crown extension, through a retrospective in the scientific literature associated with the elaboration of photographs and schematic drawings of the techniques, in order to facilitate the learning. To review the literature, a bibliographic survey was performed using the keywords "surgical flap" and "periodontal surgery" in the database Pubmed and Scielo and selected articles describing the technique of periodontal flaps. Some techniques used in resective surgeries have been described, such as: gingivectomy, flaps for surgical access and clinical crown extension. The success in the surgical treatment is dependent on some specific procedures, and the correct domain of the technique is necessary, with adequate knowledge of its indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages, which will guide an adequate surgical planning. The use of schematic drawings and photographs in the description of flap techniques in periodontal surgery appears as a teaching tool in dentistry, which aims to facilitate the teaching-learning process. However, the applied techniques need to be compatible with the periodontal tissues’ biology, associated to the cooperation in the mechanical control of hygiene performed by the patient, ability and professional sense.