Efetividade da nitazoxanida e do albendazol no tratamento da giardíase em crianças

Abstract

The prevalence of parasitoses is very varied in communities within the same municipality, since The main determinant is the conditions of hygiene and basic sanitation, as well as the socioeconomic and educational level of the analyzed population. Studies show that for giardiasis and other parasitic diseases, the frequency of infestations is higher in children from income families and low schooling. Preschool children (2nd to 5 years) attending day care centers present a higher prevalence of parasitic diseases, giardiasis, and consequently are more vulnerable to the deleterious effects of this disease. To evaluate the best drug alternative in terms of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness at market and health services is an effective measure control of this disease, but few studies address the comparison of antiparasitics in the pediatric age group. The objective of the research is to analyze the effectiveness of the Nitazoxanide (NTZ) and Albendazole (ABZ) in the treatment of giardiasis in children aged 2 to 5 years. A randomized clinical trial, conducted at two Centers for Early Childhood Education municipality of Sobral - CE from November 2018 to February 2019, where they were 200 flasks were distributed for the Parasitological Examination of Stools (PF) with identification of positive samples for giardiasis, later divided into two groups (A and B) for treatment, respectively with ABZ and NTZ. The allocation of the groups was made through a randomized number table. After treatment, new FP was performed with the purpose of verifying the real effectiveness of each of the medicines used. The Fisher's exact test (p <1) was evaluated when showed a better efficacy in the eradication of giardiasis. Of the 182 children performed parasitological stools, 83 were positive for Giardia lamblia (45.6%), of these 12 gave up participating in the study. The remaining 71 children were randomized into 2 groups. Group A (n = 36) was treated with ABZ and Group B (n = 35) with NTZ. New FP was performed after treatment, where cure rates were found 78.6% for the ABZ and 83.3% for the NTZ, there being no statistical difference between the treatments for p = 0.74. Both drugs were effective in the treatment of giardiasis, showing that albendazole presents a better cost-benefit because it is much cheaper and available free of charge in the public health network